Ribosome profiling, also known as ribosome profiling or Ribo-seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technique that enables the measurement of translation efficiency at the genome-wide level. It involves the purification and sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments, which allows researchers to study the precise location of ribosomes on mRNA molecules and the rate of translation for each individual gene. Ribosome profiling has been widely used to investigate various aspects of translation regulation, such as codon usage, ribosome stalling, and ribosome dynamics. This technique provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of protein synthesis and gene expression, and has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of cellular biology and disease mechanisms.